How to Apologize Properly:
(1) "I'm sorry for..."
It is important that this step is specific. This is your chance to show the other person that you really understand why they are upset. And even just acknowledging what you've made another feel can go a long ways towards reconciling and building a positive relationship with others.
(2) "It was wrong because..."
This one takes some work, but it is definitely the most important step. This one allows you to get a glimpse into your child's understanding of morality and right vs wrong. Until we truly understand and internalize why something is wrong there won't be any real or lasting change. To be good we have to see the effects of our actions on others and make a conscious decision to avoid negatively affecting others to the best of our ability. So don't rush this step. And take the time to guide them through any character trait lessons not yet learned.
(3) "In the future I will..."
Most kids who are first learning the apology protocol will focus on a negative here. They start telling the other child what the won't do next time. This isn't the best way to go about this part of the apology, however. We should focus on the positive. They already know what they shouldn't do because that is what got them in this situation in the first place. They need to consciously recognize a more positive behavior to do instead and focus on that. So instead of saying "In the future I won't hit" try focusing on something like "In the future I will use my words to express why I am upset" or "In the future I will take a deep breath when I am getting frustrated." These are all positive ways to cope with anger or hurt feelings rather than just resorting to hitting. This positive focus is teaching the child tools they can use instead of physical contact.
(4) "Will you please forgive me?"
This step works towards reconciling the past events and taking steps towards moving forward. Sometimes the other child will readily forgive them and they can continue their playing, but other times they aren't yet ready to forgive. However, each of these situations offers room for growth. In asking for forgiveness we are acknowledging our faults and asking another to do the same. And we have no power, whatsoever, on the outcome because forgiveness is their choice. That is such a powerful lesson. We can take steps to right our wrongs, but even then it isn't guaranteed to be enough.
So with that being said how do apologies work in your house? This may seem like a tedious and drawn out process, but each of these components is integral to acknowledging a wrong and making steps to reconcile it. Of course body language and tone is also a huge part of a proper apology so don't forget to stress a pathetic sorry with a bratty and insincere attitude when modeling this lesson for your little one. And here's to a happier home life, because you'll never be sorry for taking the time to teach your child how to say a better "I'm sorry."
Happy parenting Warrior parents!
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